Industry group, 3314
Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing
61,420 people work in this industry in the US, at mean pay of $70,430 a year (BLS, May 2025). What follows is how much of their working time the best AI models could finish, when, and in which jobs and tasks. Estimates.
of the paid hours. Estimate.
a year: 22 million hours at what they cost. Not a forecast of savings.
- 31%
- 8%
- 61%
of the paid hours are within reach now in tasks people already bring to Claude. Another 16% is within reach in tasks not yet seen there.
Across the US: 22% within reach now and 37% by the end of 2028, on the long-run pace at four in five.
Share of the paid hours within reach, now to 2030
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this industry's paid hours were within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 1%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 16%. Today's estimate: 18%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Where the hours are
Jobs by hours within reach now. The 40 largest jobs hold 80% of the people.
| People | Pay here | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic | 6,080 | 19% | 2.4 million | $56K |
| First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers | 2,960 | 32% | 2 million | $81K |
| Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks | 1,410 | 53% | 1.6 million | $51K |
| Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers | 2,290 | 24% | 1.1 million | $56K |
| Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products | 1,200 | 36% | 893,570 | $78K |
| Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks | 590 | 63% | 778,047 | $73K |
| Industrial Machinery Mechanics | 2,190 | 15% | 701,502 | $72K |
| Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders | 3,800 | 8% | 656,032 | $60K |
| Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic | 2,150 | 13% | 559,000 | $50K |
| Industrial Production Managers | 1,010 | 24% | 506,296 | $126K |
| Customer Service Representatives | 340 | 64% | 455,437 | $58K |
| General and Operations Managers | 960 | 23% | 455,273 | $157K |
People: BLS counts for this industry, May 2025. Pay here: the median paid for the job in this industry, else its mean, else the national median. 109 smaller jobs (12,000 people) count in every total but are not listed. Task data covers 96% of the industry's people; the rest are in BLS "all other" groups with no task list, or in counts BLS does not publish.
The tasks with the most hours within reach by the end of 2028
Across the whole industry, on the chosen pace and reliability.
- Maintain an inventory of materials.Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic1.2 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Determine setup procedures and select machine dies and parts, according to specifications.Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic1 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Plan and establish work schedules, assignments, and production sequences to meet production goals.First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers694,490 hours100% of the task within reach
- Plan and develop new products and production processes.First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers619,603 hours67% of the task within reach
- Record production data, and maintain production logs.Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders537,867 hours100% of the task within reach
- Read and analyze charts, work orders, production schedules, and other records and reports to determine production requirements and to evaluate current production estimates and outputs.First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers470,749 hours100% of the task within reach
- Plan and establish sequence of operations to fabricate and assemble parts or products and to promote efficient utilization.Industrial Engineers433,943 hours99% of the task within reach
- Write test or inspection reports describing results, recommendations, or needed repairs.Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers405,538 hours100% of the task within reach
- Analyze test results, machine error messages, or information obtained from operators to diagnose equipment problems.Industrial Machinery Mechanics397,578 hours100% of the task within reach
- Prepare documents, such as work orders, bills of lading, or shipping orders, to route materials.Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks375,868 hours100% of the task within reach
Scan a typical company in this industry
The industry's largest jobs, in the proportions BLS counts across the whole industry, at the pay it pays, run through the company scan. A starting point before you have a roster, or a benchmark for the one you have.
Next to this industry
Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
How it is built: BLS counts the people in each job in this industry; each job's tasks and their lengths give its share within reach at a date; the industry's share is those shares weighted by people. Value is pay times 1.43 for benefits and payroll costs. Seen in Claude use splits today's share by whether Anthropic saw people bring each task to Claude in 2025; other AI tools are not counted. How it works