General and Operations Managers
Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of public or private sector organizations, overseeing multiple departments or locations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Usually manage through subordinate supervisors. Excludes First-Line Supervisors.
3,503,020 people do this job in the US. $105,770 a year.
of the working time. Estimate.
- 43%
- 42%
- 15%
Measured, from Anthropic's usage data (2025). Counts help on part of a task.
On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.
Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 4.4 h long four times in five.
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 0%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 13%. Today's estimate: 19%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
The tasks
Sorted by . 17 tasks from .
| Task | Kind | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.Done daily by most who do it. | 15% | 2.5 h50 min to 6.7 h | Stays with people | |
| Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.Done daily by most who do it. | 9% | 1.7 h25 min to 3.3 h | Stays with people | |
| Plan or direct activities, such as sales promotions, that require coordination with other department managers.Done daily by most who do it. | 9% | 2.5 h50 min to 6.7 h | Stays with people | |
| Establish or implement departmental policies, goals, objectives, or procedures in conjunction with board members, organization officials, or staff members.Done more than monthly by most who do it. | 9% | 5 h1.7 h to 2.1 work days | 15%Half by Jun 2027 | |
| Perform sales floor work, such as greeting or assisting customers, stocking shelves, or taking inventory.Done daily by most who do it. | 8% | 1.7 h25 min to 4.2 h | Stays with people | |
| Prepare staff work schedules and assign specific duties.Done daily by most who do it. | 7% | 1.3 h25 min to 3.3 h | 77%Half by now | |
| Recommend locations for new facilities, or oversee the remodeling or renovating of current facilities.Done yearly or less by most who do it. | 7% | 1.7 work days3.3 h to 1.7 work weeks | Stays with people | |
| Set prices or credit terms for goods or services, based on forecasts of customer demand.Done daily by most who do it. | 6% | 2.5 h50 min to 6.7 h | 46%Half by Oct 2026 | |
| Direct or coordinate financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.Done more than monthly by most who do it. | 5% | 3.3 h50 min to 1.7 work days | Stays with people | |
| Develop or implement product-marketing strategies, including advertising campaigns or sales promotions.Done more than yearly by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 5% | 6.7 h1.7 h to 3.1 work days | 7%Half by Nov 2027 | |
| Manage the movement of goods into and out of production facilities to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, or sustainability of operations.Done daily by most who do it. | 4% | 1.7 h38 min to 5 h | 66%Half by now | |
| Perform personnel functions, such as selection, training, or evaluation.Done more than yearly by most who do it. | 4% | 2.5 h50 min to 6.7 h | 46%Half by Oct 2026 |
Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach.
Jobs that share skills with this one
From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
- Chief Executives12% now, 50% by 2028
- Administrative Services Managers18% now, 63% by 2028
- Industrial Production Managers24% now, 70% by 2028
- First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers37% now, 63% by 2028
- Facilities Managers12% now, 45% by 2028
- Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers14% now, 67% by 2028
Where this job works
The industry groups that employ the most of it (BLS, May 2025).
Where the most of these jobs are
The metro areas with the most people in it (BLS, May 2025).