Metro area, Maryland
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
1,356,680 people work in this area, at mean pay of $76,370 a year (BLS, May 2025), in every industry. What follows is how much of their working time the best AI models could finish, when, and in which jobs and tasks. Estimates.
of the paid hours. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
a year: 858 million hours at what they cost. Not a forecast of savings.
- 40%
- 23%
- 37%
of the paid hours are within reach now in tasks people already bring to Claude. Another 24% is within reach in tasks not yet seen there.
Across the US: 30% within reach now and 36% by the end of 2028, on the long-run pace at four in five. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
Share of the paid hours within reach, now to 2030
Change assumptionsHide assumptionsLong-run pace, four in five
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
What handing the work over would take
For the 1,226,001 people in jobs so far, 90% of the area's people; the others are in the totals above and join this split as the review reaches their jobs. Shares of their working time within reach now, at the pace and reliability chosen above. Estimates. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
about 544 million hours a year. The material can be handed to a model and the result handed back.
about 266 million hours a year. The model has to be connected to the system the work lives in.
about 206 million hours a year. Short enough by length. This site leaves conversation with people, so it is not in the totals.
What their work is made of
- 28%
- 11%
- 9%
- 15%
- 36%
Each task's time split among five kinds of doing, judged one task at a time; only documents and systems can count as within reach.
What changes for the people
For the 1,226,001 people in jobs reviewed task by task so far, by the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five: the shares of their working time, from each job page's own map, weighted by how many people here do that job. It says which parts of the work change, never whether anyone keeps a job. Estimates.
Conversation, in-person and hands-on work.
Desk work within reach in tasks where a mistake costs something or a licensed person signs.
Desk work within reach that is small if wrong, with lighter checks.
What most people here would learn first
How many of them have each skill among the first two things to learn on their job's page. Every state, and the US
- The hands-on craft524,823 (43%)
- Reviewing work you did not do yourself508,319 (41%)
- Briefing a model and checking its drafts418,363 (34%)
- Judgment where errors are severe334,465 (27%)
- The conversations298,273 (24%)
- Signing off under your license132,178 (11%)
- Running AI inside the business systems109,260 (9%)
- Dealing with people outside the organization52,770 (4%)
- Handling protected records5,400 (under 1%)
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this area's paid hours were within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 1%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 18%. Today's estimate: 32%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Robots and the physical work
Anthropic rates 42% of the working time of the people in this area as physical work. For 30% of the working time, a robot has been shown doing most of the task somewhere: 19% in a purpose-built cell, 9% in a structured facility, 1% in any setting. 0.41 of 3.
- Not physical 58%
- No robot shown 12%
- In a purpose-built cell 19%
- In a structured facility 9%
- In any setting 1%
Anthropic's rating, not this site's estimate: Claude Opus 5, searching the web, rated each physical O*NET task by the kind of setting in which a robot it could cite (deployed, sold or demonstrated) does most of the task, weighted by its own estimate of each task's share of the time (What work can robots do?, September 30, 2026, data CC BY 4.0; every job ranked). A robot shown somewhere is not a robot in your building: cost, setup and safety decide that. The share within reach on this page still counts no body work. Weighted by the people in each occupation; each job's page names the robot behind each rated task.
Where the hours are
Jobs by hours within reach now. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index. The 40 largest jobs hold 47% of the people.
| People | Pay here | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General and Operations Managers | 44,960 | 45% | 42 million | $117K |
| Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive | 29,780 | 59% | 36 million | $49K |
| Registered Nurses | 30,930 | 37% | 24 million | $100K |
| Customer Service Representatives | 17,480 | 64% | 23 million | $43K |
| Retail Salespersons | 39,920 | 23% | 19 million | $35K |
| Project Management Specialists | 14,700 | 58% | 18 million | $104K |
| First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers | 15,070 | 54% | 17 million | $76K |
| Software Developers | 16,850 | 48% | 17 million | $139K |
| Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks | 8,540 | 88% | 16 million | $54K |
| Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants | 8,640 | 84% | 15 million | $48K |
| Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel | 11,340 | 59% | 14 million | $62K |
| Office Clerks, General | 10,880 | 56% | 13 million | $46K |
People: BLS counts for this area, May 2025. Pay here: the median paid for the job in this area, else its mean, else the national median. 607 smaller jobs (679,300 people) count in every total but are not listed. Task data covers 95% of the area's people; the rest are in BLS "all other" groups with no task list, or in counts BLS does not publish.
The tasks with the most hours within reach by the end of 2028
Across the whole area, on the chosen pace and reliability.
- Coordinate conferences, meetings, or special events, such as luncheons or graduation ceremonies.Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive7.3 million hours60% of the task within reach
- Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing.Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive5.9 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.General and Operations Managers5.7 million hours40% of the task within reach
- Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design.Software Developers5.6 million hours80% of the task within reach
- Set prices or credit terms for goods or services, based on forecasts of customer demand.General and Operations Managers5.5 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Perform administrative or managerial functions, such as taking responsibility for a unit's staff, budget, planning, or long-range goals.Registered Nurses5.2 million hours60% of the task within reach
- Prepare staff work schedules and assign specific duties.General and Operations Managers5.2 million hours80% of the task within reach
- Develop sales presentations or proposals to explain service specifications.Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel4.8 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Establish or implement departmental policies, goals, objectives, or procedures in conjunction with board members, organization officials, or staff members.General and Operations Managers4.8 million hours60% of the task within reach
- Maintain knowledge of current sales and promotions, policies regarding payment and exchanges, and security practices.Retail Salespersons4.8 million hours50% of the task within reach
The regional report on Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
This page lists the largest jobs. The scan reads the whole workforce: every occupation BLS publishes here that the site has task data for, 95% of the people, at their local headcount and pay. The preview is free. The full report ($249, or included in Pro) is the report for a workforce board, a college or an economic development team: every occupation and the tasks behind its hours, what handing the work over would take, what changes for the people in each job and what they would learn, with the workbook and the slides to cite. Dated, with the method. For workforce boards and colleges
See what it holds first: the full report for Worcester, MA, Excel and slides.
Other areas in Maryland
Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
How it is built: BLS counts the people in each job in this area; each job's tasks and their lengths give its share within reach at a date; the area's share is those shares weighted by people. Value is pay times 1.43 for benefits and payroll costs. Seen in Claude use splits today's share by whether Anthropic saw people bring each task to Claude in 2025; other AI tools are not counted. How it works
Questions about this area
- How much of the work in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD is within reach of AI now?
- An estimated 32% of the paid hours in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD are within reach of AI models now and 40% by the end of 2028, on METR's long-run pace at four in five (38% to 40% across the three paces the site shows). Within reach means a model could finish work that long at that reliability. It is not a forecast of jobs lost or of savings.
- Which jobs in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD carry the most hours within reach?
- By hours within reach now (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index): General and Operations Managers (44,960 people, 45% of their time, about 42 million hours a year); Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive (29,780 people, 59% of their time, about 36 million hours a year); and Registered Nurses (30,930 people, 37% of their time, about 24 million hours a year).
- Which tasks in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD carry the most hours within reach by the end of 2028?
- Coordinate conferences, meetings, or special events, such as luncheons or graduation ceremonies (Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive, about 7.3 million hours a year); Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing (Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive, about 5.9 million hours a year); and Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products (General and Operations Managers, about 5.7 million hours a year).
- What would people working in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD learn first?
- Among the 1,226,001 people in jobs reviewed task by task, the skills most often among the first two things to learn on their job's page are the hands-on craft (524,823 people); reviewing work you did not do yourself (508,319 people); and briefing a model and checking its drafts (418,363 people). By the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five, about 60% of their working time stays with people, 31% becomes checking a model's work and 8% can be handed over with lighter checks. It says which parts of the work change, never whether anyone keeps a job.
- How is this estimated?
- BLS counts the people in each occupation in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (May 2025); each occupation's share of working time within reach comes from its O*NET tasks, each with an estimated length checked against GDPval, and METR's measurements of how long a task the best AI models can finish, carried forward to the date from the latest, Claude Mythos Preview (early) in April 2026. The area's share is those shares weighted by people. Task data covers 95% of its people, and 90% are in occupations reviewed task by task. Data checked November 10, 2026.
Embed these figures on your site
A small card with the share of working time within reach now and at the end of 2027, 2028 and 2030, the date and a link back. Free under CC BY 4.0; the card carries the credit.