Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
In short: today's best AI models could do about 43% of this job's working time (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index) if the work were set up for them, and about 44% by the end of 2028 if progress keeps its long-run pace. The conversations, in-person and hands-on work, about 56% of the time, stays with people.
Teach one or more subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level.
620,090 people do this job in the US. $64,370 a year.
Reviewed on September 30, 2026: what each task is made of, and what handing it over would ask.
A typical 40-hour week
- AI could take on3 h
- A person checks AI's work14 h
- Desk work AI can't do yet0 h
- Stays with people23 h
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education, now: of a 40-hour week, AI could take on 3 hours, 14 hours become checking its work, 0 hours are desk work it can't do yet, and 23 hours stay with people.
The largest pieces: Prepare course objectives and outlines (about 3 h, a person checks); Prepare, give and grade tests (about 2 h, a person checks); Assign lessons and correct homework (about 2 h, a person checks).
Estimates for a typical week of this job, if progress keeps its long-run pace, counting work the best models finish four times in five. Every task is below.
of the working time. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
- 40%
- 4%
- 5%
- 46%
- 5%
of the work: Anthropic's measure of what people already bring to Claude at work (2025). It counts help with part of a task, so it can be higher than the share within reach.
On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.
Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030
Change assumptionsHide assumptionsLong-run pace, four in five
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 2.4 work days long four times in five.
What handing it over would take, now
The 43% within reach splits by what a model would need. The dates, pace and reliability follow the controls above. Estimates.
of the working time. The material can be handed to a model and the result handed back.
of the working time. The model has to be connected to the system the work lives in.
is conversation short enough by length. This site leaves conversation with people, so it is not in the total.
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 0%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 35%. Today's estimate: 43%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Measured use over time
Of the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled and tied to a work task, 0.024% went to this job's tasks in May 2026, the 293rd largest of the 447 jobs that showed up at all; 4 of its 35 tasks showed up. Within each of Anthropic's methods, never across a change: 0.14% to 0.066% (released February and March 2025); 0.23% to 0.15% (August 2025 to February 2026); 0.025% to 0.024% (April to May 2026).
Each release
| Conversations | Share | Rank | Tasks seen |
|---|---|---|---|
| Released February 2025 | 0.14% | 121 of 708 | 16 of 35 |
| Released March 2025 | 0.066% | 225 of 703 | 16 of 35 |
| The week of Aug 4, 2025 (released September 2025) | 0.23% | 81 of 655 | 13 of 35 |
| The week of Nov 13, 2025 (released January 2026) | 0.19% | 89 of 672 | 15 of 35 |
| The week of Feb 5, 2026 (released March 2026) | 0.15% | 120 of 677 | 14 of 35 |
| April 2026 (released June 2026) | 0.025% | 285 of 434 | 4 of 35 |
| May 2026 (released June 2026) | 0.024% | 293 of 447 | 4 of 35 |
Measured, not estimated: Anthropic's samples of Claude.ai conversations, each tied by a model to an O*NET task, from the Anthropic Economic Index. It says where Claude's use goes, not how much of this job's working time it covers, so it is not on the same scale as the reach above. The releases differ in their sample, their classifier and the smallest share they report (the June 2026 file rounds each task to a hundredth of a percent, so a smaller task reads as none), which is why a change of method starts a new line. At least 96% of each older release's task-tied use matched this site's tasks, and all of the newest. Claude.ai only, so use through other tools and other companies' models is not in it. Every job ranked.
Robots and the physical work
Anthropic rates 9% of this job's working time as physical work. For 7% of the working time, a robot has been shown doing most of the task somewhere: 7% in a purpose-built cell. 0.07 of 3, the 557th highest of the 923 jobs.
- Not physical 91%
- No robot shown 2%
- In a purpose-built cell 7%
Anthropic's rating, not this site's estimate: Claude Opus 5, searching the web, rated each physical O*NET task by the kind of setting in which a robot it could cite (deployed, sold or demonstrated) does most of the task, weighted by its own estimate of each task's share of the time (What work can robots do?, September 30, 2026, data CC BY 4.0; every job ranked). A robot shown somewhere is not a robot in your building: cost, setup and safety decide that. The share within reach on this page still counts no body work. The robot behind each rated task is under the task below.
What changes for the people in this job
From the task-by-task review, by the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five. It says which parts of the work stay with people and which change, not whether anyone keeps a job: that depends on decisions no data set can see.
What stays with people
55% of the working time: the conversation, in-person and hands-on parts of the tasks.
- Instruct through lectures and discussions, the in-person work, 9%
- Plan and conduct a balanced program, the in-person work, 6%
- Observe and evaluate students, the in-person work, 4%
- Set and enforce classroom rules, the in-person work, 3%
- Enforce school rules, the in-person work, 3%
- Use computers and audio-visual aids in class, the in-person work, 2%
What becomes checking the machine
36% of the working time: desk work a model could do by then, in tasks where a mistake costs something or a licensed person signs. A person checks it. Another 7% is desk work that is small if wrong, which can be handed over with lighter checks.
- Prepare course objectives and outlines, costly if wrong, 7%
- Prepare, give and grade tests, a licensed person signs, 5%
- Assign lessons and correct homework, a licensed person signs, 5%
- Adapt methods and materials to students, costly if wrong, 4%
- Keep student records, costly if wrong, 3%
- Plan and conduct a balanced program, a licensed person signs, 2%
What to learn
- The conversations. About 51% of the time is conversation and in-person work, which this site leaves with people: listening, explaining, persuading, calming.
- Signing off under your license. Some tasks need a licensed, certified or sworn person to do or sign them. The license, and the judgment it stands for, stays with the person.
- Reviewing work you did not do yourself. The tasks under What becomes checking the machine, where a mistake costs something, stay a person's to check or sign: spotting what a draft gets wrong is a skill of its own.
- Briefing a model and checking its drafts. About 40% of the time is documents and data, the part models reach first: writing a clear brief, giving the right material, and checking what comes back.
- Dealing with people outside the organization. Customers, patients, suppliers or the public: trust with them is built by a person.
Your own version of this job: read it against your job description. The headline is free; the full personal report, every task with its timeline and what to learn, is $19 (a sample).
The tasks
Sorted by . 35 tasks from .
| Task | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects, such as English, mathematics, or social studies.Teaching a room of students.Done hourly or more by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 9% | 50 min38 min to 1.3 h | In person 100% | Stays with people |
| Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.Teaching a room, with the planning behind it.Done daily by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 8% | 1.3 h38 min to 2.5 h | In person 70%, documents 30% | 30%Desk part half by now |
| Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress.Writing and marking tests, and giving them in class.Done more than weekly by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 8% | 1.3 h38 min to 2.5 h | Documents 70%, in person 30% | 70%Desk part half by now |
| Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.Curriculum planning on paper.Done more than yearly by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 7% | 2.5 h50 min to 6.7 h | Documents 100% | 96%Half by now |
| Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.Reworking materials, and trying them with the class.Done daily by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 6% | 1.1 h25 min to 2.1 h | Documents 70%, in person 30% | 70%Desk part half by now |
| Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.Watching students at work, and writing down what it shows.Done hourly or more by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 6% | 25 min13 min to 50 min | In person 70%, documents 30% | 30%Desk part half by now |
| Assign lessons and correct homework.Marking papers, and handing the work out and back.Done daily by most who do it. | 6% | 50 min25 min to 2.1 h | Documents 80%, in person 20% | 80%Desk part half by now |
| Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.Writing and gathering lesson materials, and setting up the room.Done several times a day by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Xerox Nuvera MultiFunction Finisher (MFF) (sold). Anthropic's rating. | 6% | 33 min17 min to 1.1 h | Documents 60%, hands-on 40% | 60%Desk part half by now |
| Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of middle school programs.Meetings with teachers and administrators, with drafts.Done more than monthly by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 4% | 1.3 h38 min to 3.3 h | Conversation 60%, documents 40% | 40%Desk part half by now |
| Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate these objectives to students.Written objectives, explained to the class.Done daily by most who do it. | 4% | 25 min13 min to 50 min | Documents 60%, in person 40% | 60%Desk part half by now |
| Maintain accurate, complete, and correct student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.Entries in the school's record system.Done daily by most who do it. | 3% | 38 min13 min to 1.7 h | Systems 100% | 100%Half by now |
| Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students.Keeping order in a room of students.Done daily by most who do it. | 3% | 21 min8 min to 50 min | In person 100% | Stays with people |
Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach. Made of: how the task's time splits among five kinds of doing. Only the documents and systems parts can count as within reach, so a task that is 30% documents can be at most 30% within reach.
Jobs that share skills with this one
From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
- Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education40% now, 41% by 2028
- Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education35% now, 35% by 2028
- Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors66% now, 66% by 2028
- Tutors23% now, 23% by 2028
- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education23% now, 23% by 2028
- Special Education Teachers, Middle School40% now, 40% by 2028
Where this job works
The industry groups that employ the most of it (BLS, May 2025).
Where the most of these jobs are
The metro areas with the most people in it (BLS, May 2025).
Questions about this job
- How much of the work of Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education is within reach of AI now?
- An estimated 43% of the working time is within reach of AI models now and 44% by the end of 2028, on METR's long-run pace at four in five. Within reach means a model could finish work that long at that reliability. It is not a forecast of jobs lost or of savings.
- Which tasks of Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education come within reach first?
- Weighted by the time each takes, the tasks with the most within reach now (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index) are: Prepare course objectives and outlines (96% of the task's time now); Prepare, give and grade tests (70% of the task's time now); and Assign lessons and correct homework (80% of the task's time now).
- Which tasks of Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education stay with people?
- Tasks that are people work or body work are not counted as within reach at any date. The largest: Instruct through lectures and discussions; Set and enforce classroom rules; and Enforce school rules. Together such tasks are about 30% of the working time, and the people and body parts of the other tasks stay with people too.
- What should Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education learn as AI takes on more of the work?
- By the job's own task-by-task review, the first things to learn are the conversations; signing off under your license; and reviewing work you did not do yourself. By the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five, about 55% of the working time stays with people, 36% becomes checking a model's work and 7% could be handed over with lighter checks. It says which parts of the work change, never whether anyone keeps a job.
- Do people already use AI for the work of Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education?
- In the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled for May 2026 and tied to a work task, 0.024% went to this job's tasks, the 293rd largest share of the 447 jobs that showed up; 4 of its 35 tasks appeared. Anthropic's labor market measure puts the share of the job's tasks seen in real Claude use at work at 30%. These are measures of use, not of how much of the work AI could finish, and they cover Claude only.
- Can robots do the physical work of Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education?
- Anthropic's robot exposure rating (September 2026) finds 9% of the working time is physical work, and that a robot has been shown doing most of the task, somewhere, for 7% of the working time. Its index is 0.07 of 3. One example: Xerox Nuvera MultiFunction Finisher (MFF) for "prepare materials and classrooms". A robot shown somewhere is not one in every workplace; this site's own estimates still count no physical work as within reach.
- How is this estimated?
- From the 35 tasks O*NET lists for the occupation, each with an estimated length checked against GDPval and a share of the working time, reviewed one task at a time on September 30, 2026 for what each is made of (documents, business systems, conversation, in person, hands-on), and METR's measurements of how long a task the best AI models can finish, carried forward to the date from the latest, Claude Mythos Preview (early) in April 2026. Data checked November 10, 2026.
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