Proofreaders and Copy Markers
In short: today's best AI models could do about 91% of this job's working time (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index) if the work were set up for them, and about the same by the end of 2028 if progress keeps its long-run pace. The people and hands-on work, about 9% of the time, stays with people.
Read transcript or proof type setup to detect and mark for correction any grammatical, typographical, or compositional errors. Excludes workers whose primary duty is editing copy. Includes proofreaders of braille.
4,580 people do this job in the US. $51,120 a year.
A typical 40-hour week
Not yet reviewed task by task- AI could take on36 h
- A person checks AI's work0 h
- Desk work AI can't do yet0 h
- Stays with people4 h
Proofreaders and Copy Markers, now: of a 40-hour week, AI could take on 36 hours, 0 hours become checking its work, 0 hours are desk work it can't do yet, and 4 hours stay with people.
The largest pieces: Mark copy to indicate and correct errors in type, arrangement, grammar, punctuation, or spelling, using standard printers' marks (about 8 h); Archive documents, conduct research, and read copy, using the internet and various computer programs (about 5 h); Typeset and measure dimensions, spacing, and positioning of page elements, such as copy and illustrations, to verify conformance to specifications, using printer's ruler or layout software (about 5 h).
Estimates for a typical week of this job, if progress keeps its long-run pace, counting work the best models finish four times in five. Every task is below.
of the working time. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
- 91%
- 9%
- 0%
of the work: Anthropic's measure of what people already bring to Claude at work (2025). It counts help with part of a task, so it can be higher than the share within reach.
On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.
Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030
Change assumptionsHide assumptionsLong-run pace, four in five
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 2.4 work days long four times in five.
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 3%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 74%. Today's estimate: 91%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Measured use over time
Of the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled and tied to a work task, 0.42% went to this job's tasks in May 2026, the 58th largest of the 447 jobs that showed up at all; 3 of its 11 tasks showed up. Within each of Anthropic's methods, never across a change: 0.035% to 0.034% (released February and March 2025); 0.025% to 0.057% (August 2025 to February 2026); 0.43% to 0.42% (April to May 2026).
Each release
| Conversations | Share | Rank | Tasks seen |
|---|---|---|---|
| Released February 2025 | 0.035% | 333 of 708 | 3 of 11 |
| Released March 2025 | 0.034% | 337 of 703 | 3 of 11 |
| The week of Aug 4, 2025 (released September 2025) | 0.025% | 341 of 655 | 1 of 11 |
| The week of Nov 13, 2025 (released January 2026) | 0.048% | 244 of 672 | 1 of 11 |
| The week of Feb 5, 2026 (released March 2026) | 0.057% | 237 of 677 | 1 of 11 |
| April 2026 (released June 2026) | 0.43% | 55 of 434 | 3 of 11 |
| May 2026 (released June 2026) | 0.42% | 58 of 447 | 3 of 11 |
Measured, not estimated: Anthropic's samples of Claude.ai conversations, each tied by a model to an O*NET task, from the Anthropic Economic Index. It says where Claude's use goes, not how much of this job's working time it covers, so it is not on the same scale as the reach above. The releases differ in their sample, their classifier and the smallest share they report (the June 2026 file rounds each task to a hundredth of a percent, so a smaller task reads as none), which is why a change of method starts a new line. At least 96% of each older release's task-tied use matched this site's tasks, and all of the newest. Claude.ai only, so use through other tools and other companies' models is not in it. Every job ranked.
Robots and the physical work
Anthropic rates almost none of this job's working time as physical work, so robots do not reach it.
Anthropic's rating, not this site's estimate: Claude Opus 5, searching the web, rated each physical O*NET task by the kind of setting in which a robot it could cite (deployed, sold or demonstrated) does most of the task, weighted by its own estimate of each task's share of the time (What work can robots do?, September 30, 2026, data CC BY 4.0; every job ranked). A robot shown somewhere is not a robot in your building: cost, setup and safety decide that. The share within reach on this page still counts no body work. The robot behind each rated task is under the task below.
The tasks
Sorted by . 11 tasks from .
| Task | Kind | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark copy to indicate and correct errors in type, arrangement, grammar, punctuation, or spelling, using standard printers' marks.Done hourly or more by most who do it. AI observed on this task. | 19% | 38 min13 min to 2.5 h | 100%Half by now | |
| Archive documents, conduct research, and read copy, using the internet and various computer programs.Done daily by most who do it. | 14% | 1.1 h25 min to 2.5 h | 100%Half by now | |
| Write original content, such as headlines, cutlines, captions, and cover copy.Done hourly or more by most who do it. | 13% | 50 min13 min to 3.3 h | 97%Half by now | |
| Typeset and measure dimensions, spacing, and positioning of page elements, such as copy and illustrations, to verify conformance to specifications, using printer's ruler or layout software.Done hourly or more by most who do it. | 13% | 50 min17 min to 1.7 h | 100%Half by now | |
| Compare information or figures on one record against same data on other records, or with original copy, to detect errors.Done hourly or more by most who do it. | 10% | 33 min13 min to 1.7 h | 100%Half by now | |
| Correct or record omissions, errors, or inconsistencies found.Done hourly or more by most who do it. | 9% | 21 min8 min to 1.1 h | 100%Half by now | |
| Read corrected copies or proofs to ensure that all corrections have been made.Done hourly or more by most who do it. | 9% | 25 min8 min to 1.3 h | 100%Half by now | |
| Consult reference books or secure aid of readers to check references with rules of grammar and composition.Done daily by most who do it. | 5% | 21 min8 min to 50 min | Stays with people | |
| Consult with authors and editors regarding manuscript changes and suggestions.Done daily by most who do it. | 4% | 38 min13 min to 1.3 h | Stays with people | |
| Route proofs with marked corrections to authors, editors, typists, or typesetters for correction or reprinting.Done hourly or more by most who do it. | 3% | 8 min4 min to 21 min | 100%Half by now | |
| Read proof sheets aloud, calling out punctuation marks and spelling unusual words and proper names.Done daily by most who do it. | 2% | 50 min13 min to 2.5 h | 99%Half by now |
Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach.
Jobs that share skills with this one
From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
Where this job works
The industry groups that employ the most of it (BLS, May 2025).
Where the most of these jobs are
The metro areas with the most people in it (BLS, May 2025).
Questions about this job
- How much of the work of Proofreaders and Copy Markers is within reach of AI now?
- An estimated 91% of the working time is within reach of AI models now and 91% by the end of 2028, on METR's long-run pace at four in five. Within reach means a model could finish work that long at that reliability. It is not a forecast of jobs lost or of savings.
- Which tasks of Proofreaders and Copy Markers come within reach first?
- Weighted by the time each takes, the tasks with the most within reach now (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index) are: Mark copy to indicate and correct errors in type, arrangement, grammar, punctuation, or spelling, using standard printers' marks (100% of the task's time now); Archive documents, conduct research, and read copy, using the internet and various computer programs (100% of the task's time now); and Typeset and measure dimensions, spacing, and positioning of page elements, such as copy and illustrations, to verify conformance to specifications, using printer's ruler or layout software (100% of the task's time now).
- Which tasks of Proofreaders and Copy Markers stay with people?
- Tasks that are people work or body work are not counted as within reach at any date. The largest: Consult reference books or secure aid of readers to check references with rules of grammar and composition; and Consult with authors and editors regarding manuscript changes and suggestions. Together such tasks are about 9% of the working time.
- Do people already use AI for the work of Proofreaders and Copy Markers?
- In the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled for May 2026 and tied to a work task, 0.42% went to this job's tasks, the 58th largest share of the 447 jobs that showed up; 3 of its 11 tasks appeared. Anthropic's labor market measure puts the share of the job's tasks seen in real Claude use at work at 18%. These are measures of use, not of how much of the work AI could finish, and they cover Claude only.
- Can robots do the physical work of Proofreaders and Copy Markers?
- Anthropic's robot exposure rating (September 2026) finds almost none of the working time is physical work, so robots do not reach it.
- How is this estimated?
- From the 11 tasks O*NET lists for the occupation, each with an estimated length checked against GDPval and a share of the working time, each classed as desk, people or body work, and METR's measurements of how long a task the best AI models can finish, carried forward to the date from the latest, Claude Mythos Preview (early) in April 2026. Data checked November 10, 2026.
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