Industry group, 8129
Other Personal Services
436,330 people work in this industry in the US, at mean pay of $43,940 a year (BLS, May 2025). What follows is how much of their working time the best AI models could finish, when, and in which jobs and tasks. Estimates.
of the paid hours. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
a year: 171 million hours at what they cost. Not a forecast of savings.
- 22%
- 23%
- 54%
of the paid hours are within reach now in tasks people already bring to Claude. Another 16% is within reach in tasks not yet seen there.
Across the US: 30% within reach now and 36% by the end of 2028, on the long-run pace at four in five. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
Share of the paid hours within reach, now to 2030
Change assumptionsHide assumptionsLong-run pace, four in five
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
What handing the work over would take
For the 401,900 people in jobs so far, 92% of the industry's people; the others are in the totals above and join this split as the review reaches their jobs. Shares of their working time within reach now, at the pace and reliability chosen above. Estimates. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
about 87 million hours a year. The material can be handed to a model and the result handed back.
about 82 million hours a year. The model has to be connected to the system the work lives in.
about 76 million hours a year. Short enough by length. This site leaves conversation with people, so it is not in the totals.
What their work is made of
- 13%
- 10%
- 10%
- 14%
- 53%
Each task's time split among five kinds of doing, judged one task at a time; only documents and systems can count as within reach.
What changes for the people
For the 401,900 people in jobs reviewed task by task so far, by the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five: the shares of their working time, from each job page's own map, weighted by how many people here do that job. It says which parts of the work change, never whether anyone keeps a job. Estimates.
Conversation, in-person and hands-on work.
Desk work within reach in tasks where a mistake costs something or a licensed person signs.
Desk work within reach that is small if wrong, with lighter checks.
What most people here would learn first
How many of them have each skill among the first two things to learn on their job's page. Every state, and the US
- The hands-on craft283,320 (70%)
- The conversations197,770 (49%)
- Judgment where errors are severe107,165 (27%)
- Reviewing work you did not do yourself91,260 (23%)
- Briefing a model and checking its drafts56,075 (14%)
- Running AI inside the business systems36,010 (9%)
- Dealing with people outside the organization17,350 (4%)
- Signing off under your license3,410 (1%)
- Handling protected records190 (under 1%)
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this industry's paid hours were within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 1%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 14%. Today's estimate: 20%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Robots and the physical work
Anthropic rates 61% of the working time of the people in this industry as physical work. For 45% of the working time, a robot has been shown doing most of the task somewhere: 33% in a purpose-built cell, 9% in a structured facility, 2% in any setting. 0.58 of 3.
- Not physical 39%
- No robot shown 16%
- In a purpose-built cell 33%
- In a structured facility 9%
- In any setting 2%
Anthropic's rating, not this site's estimate: Claude Opus 5, searching the web, rated each physical O*NET task by the kind of setting in which a robot it could cite (deployed, sold or demonstrated) does most of the task, weighted by its own estimate of each task's share of the time (What work can robots do?, September 30, 2026, data CC BY 4.0; every job ranked). A robot shown somewhere is not a robot in your building: cost, setup and safety decide that. The share within reach on this page still counts no body work. Weighted by the people in each occupation; each job's page names the robot behind each rated task.
Where the hours are
Jobs by hours within reach now. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index. The 40 largest jobs hold 93% of the people.
| People | Pay here | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General and Operations Managers | 16,460 | 45% | 15 million | $75K |
| Receptionists and Information Clerks | 11,940 | 60% | 15 million | $35K |
| Parking Attendants | 72,260 | 10% | 15 million | $35K |
| Animal Caretakers | 146,190 | 4% | 13 million | $35K |
| Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors | 11,030 | 48% | 11 million | $47K |
| Customer Service Representatives | 7,980 | 64% | 11 million | $37K |
| Office Clerks, General | 7,780 | 56% | 9.1 million | $38K |
| First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 13,460 | 31% | 8.7 million | $46K |
| Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive | 3,900 | 59% | 4.8 million | $44K |
| Concierges | 5,130 | 41% | 4.3 million | $38K |
| Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks | 2,240 | 88% | 4.1 million | $47K |
| Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners | 4,700 | 38% | 3.7 million | $52K |
People: BLS counts for this industry, May 2025. Pay here: the median paid for the job in this industry, else its mean, else the national median. 99 smaller jobs (27,980 people) count in every total but are not listed. Task data covers 95% of the industry's people; the rest are in BLS "all other" groups with no task list, or in counts BLS does not publish.
The tasks with the most hours within reach by the end of 2028
Across the whole industry, on the chosen pace and reliability.
- Perform cash handling tasks, such as making change, balancing and recording cash drawer, or distributing tips.Parking Attendants15 million hours50% of the task within reach
- Find homes for stray or unwanted animals.Animal Caretakers5.9 million hours20% of the task within reach
- Plan routines, choose appropriate music, and choose different movements for each set of muscles, depending on participants' capabilities and limitations.Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors5.2 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Collect and record animal information, such as weight, size, physical condition, treatments received, medications given, and food intake.Animal Caretakers4 million hours50% of the task within reach
- Perform administrative support tasks, such as proofreading, transcribing handwritten information, or operating calculators or computers to work with pay records, invoices, balance sheets, or other documents.Receptionists and Information Clerks3.7 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Assign work schedules, following work requirements, to ensure quality and timely delivery of service.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers3 million hours80% of the task within reach
- Answer telephones and schedule appointments.Animal Caretakers2.5 million hours30% of the task within reach
- Evaluate individuals' abilities, needs, and physical conditions, and develop suitable training programs to meet any special requirements.Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors2.4 million hours50% of the task within reach
- Plan physical education programs to promote development of participants' physical attributes and social skills.Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors2.2 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.General and Operations Managers2.1 million hours40% of the task within reach
Scan a typical company in this industry
The industry's largest jobs, in the proportions BLS counts across the whole industry, at the pay it pays, run through the company scan. A starting point before you have a roster, or a benchmark for the one you have. Or choose the whole industry: every occupation BLS publishes for it with task data, at its nationwide headcount, the sector report ($249 for the full report, or included in Pro).
Next to this industry
Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
How it is built: BLS counts the people in each job in this industry; each job's tasks and their lengths give its share within reach at a date; the industry's share is those shares weighted by people. Value is pay times 1.43 for benefits and payroll costs. Seen in Claude use splits today's share by whether Anthropic saw people bring each task to Claude in 2025; other AI tools are not counted. How it works
Questions about this industry
- How much of the work in Other Personal Services is within reach of AI now?
- An estimated 20% of the paid hours in Other Personal Services are within reach of AI models now and 22% by the end of 2028, on METR's long-run pace at four in five. Within reach means a model could finish work that long at that reliability. It is not a forecast of jobs lost or of savings.
- Which jobs in Other Personal Services carry the most hours within reach?
- By hours within reach now (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index): General and Operations Managers (16,460 people, 45% of their time, about 15 million hours a year); Receptionists and Information Clerks (11,940 people, 60% of their time, about 15 million hours a year); and Parking Attendants (72,260 people, 10% of their time, about 15 million hours a year).
- Which tasks in Other Personal Services carry the most hours within reach by the end of 2028?
- Perform cash handling tasks, such as making change, balancing and recording cash drawer, or distributing tips (Parking Attendants, about 15 million hours a year); Find homes for stray or unwanted animals (Animal Caretakers, about 5.9 million hours a year); and Plan routines, choose appropriate music, and choose different movements for each set of muscles, depending on participants' capabilities and limitations (Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors, about 5.2 million hours a year).
- What would people working in Other Personal Services learn first?
- Among the 401,900 people in jobs reviewed task by task, the skills most often among the first two things to learn on their job's page are the hands-on craft (283,320 people); the conversations (197,770 people); and judgment where errors are severe (107,165 people). By the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five, about 77% of their working time stays with people, 16% becomes checking a model's work and 7% can be handed over with lighter checks. It says which parts of the work change, never whether anyone keeps a job.
- How is this estimated?
- BLS counts the people in each occupation in Other Personal Services (May 2025); each occupation's share of working time within reach comes from its O*NET tasks, each with an estimated length checked against GDPval, and METR's measurements of how long a task the best AI models can finish, carried forward to the date from the latest, Claude Mythos Preview (early) in April 2026. The industry's share is those shares weighted by people. Task data covers 95% of its people, and 92% are in occupations reviewed task by task. Data checked November 10, 2026.
Embed these figures on your site
A small card with the share of working time within reach now and at the end of 2027, 2028 and 2030, the date and a link back. Free under CC BY 4.0; the card carries the credit.