Industry group, 3399
Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing
285,820 people work in this industry in the US, at mean pay of $62,610 a year (BLS, May 2025). What follows is how much of their working time the best AI models could finish, when, and in which jobs and tasks. Estimates.
of the paid hours. Estimate.
a year: 130 million hours at what they cost. Not a forecast of savings.
- 39%
- 16%
- 46%
of the paid hours are within reach now in tasks people already bring to Claude. Another 18% is within reach in tasks not yet seen there.
Across the US: 22% within reach now and 37% by the end of 2028, on the long-run pace at four in five.
Share of the paid hours within reach, now to 2030
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this industry's paid hours were within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 1%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 20%. Today's estimate: 23%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Where the hours are
Jobs by hours within reach now. The 40 largest jobs hold 78% of the people.
| People | Pay here | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Team Assemblers | 48,310 | 10% | 10 million | $44K |
| Graphic Designers | 9,580 | 51% | 10 million | $50K |
| Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products | 12,420 | 36% | 9.2 million | $70K |
| Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks | 7,270 | 53% | 8 million | $45K |
| Customer Service Representatives | 5,560 | 64% | 7.4 million | $49K |
| First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers | 11,020 | 32% | 7.3 million | $65K |
| Office Clerks, General | 6,230 | 54% | 7 million | $46K |
| Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks | 4,240 | 78% | 6.8 million | $51K |
| General and Operations Managers | 10,660 | 23% | 5.1 million | $104K |
| Geothermal Technicians | 8,300 | 23% | 3.9 million | $50K |
| Project Management Specialists | 4,290 | 33% | 3 million | $73K |
| Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks | 2,170 | 63% | 2.9 million | $58K |
People: BLS counts for this industry, May 2025. Pay here: the median paid for the job in this industry, else its mean, else the national median. 195 smaller jobs (60,180 people) count in every total but are not listed. Task data covers 96% of the industry's people; the rest are in BLS "all other" groups with no task list, or in counts BLS does not publish.
The tasks with the most hours within reach by the end of 2028
Across the whole industry, on the chosen pace and reliability.
- Review work orders and blueprints to ensure work is performed according to specifications.Team Assemblers4.3 million hours50% of the task within reach
- Complete production reports to communicate team production level to management.Team Assemblers3.4 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Create designs, concepts, and sample layouts, based on knowledge of layout principles and esthetic design concepts.Graphic Designers3.4 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Develop graphics and layouts for product illustrations, company logos, and Web sites.Graphic Designers3.4 million hours99% of the task within reach
- Determine work assignments and procedures.Team Assemblers3.1 million hours50% of the task within reach
- Monitor market conditions, product innovations, and competitors' products, prices, and sales.Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products2.8 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Plan and establish work schedules, assignments, and production sequences to meet production goals.First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers2.6 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Use computer software to generate new images.Graphic Designers2.4 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Determine size and arrangement of illustrative material and copy, and select style and size of type.Graphic Designers2.3 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Plan and develop new products and production processes.First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers2.3 million hours67% of the task within reach
Scan a typical company in this industry
The industry's largest jobs, in the proportions BLS counts across the whole industry, at the pay it pays, run through the company scan. A starting point before you have a roster, or a benchmark for the one you have.
Next to this industry
Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
How it is built: BLS counts the people in each job in this industry; each job's tasks and their lengths give its share within reach at a date; the industry's share is those shares weighted by people. Value is pay times 1.43 for benefits and payroll costs. Seen in Claude use splits today's share by whether Anthropic saw people bring each task to Claude in 2025; other AI tools are not counted. How it works