Subsector, 315
Apparel Manufacturing
79,960 people work in this industry in the US, at mean pay of $54,790 a year (BLS, May 2025). What follows is how much of their working time the best AI models could finish, when, and in which jobs and tasks. Estimates.
of the paid hours. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
a year: 37 million hours at what they cost. Not a forecast of savings.
- 29%
- 11%
- 60%
of the paid hours are within reach now in tasks people already bring to Claude. Another 19% is within reach in tasks not yet seen there.
Across the US: 30% within reach now and 36% by the end of 2028, on the long-run pace at four in five. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
Share of the paid hours within reach, now to 2030
Change assumptionsHide assumptionsLong-run pace, four in five
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
What handing the work over would take
For the 61,780 people in jobs so far, 77% of the industry's people; the others are in the totals above and join this split as the review reaches their jobs. Shares of their working time within reach now, at the pace and reliability chosen above. Estimates. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
about 21 million hours a year. The material can be handed to a model and the result handed back.
about 12 million hours a year. The model has to be connected to the system the work lives in.
about 9.1 million hours a year. Short enough by length. This site leaves conversation with people, so it is not in the totals.
What their work is made of
- 20%
- 10%
- 8%
- 4%
- 59%
Each task's time split among five kinds of doing, judged one task at a time; only documents and systems can count as within reach.
What changes for the people
For the 61,780 people in jobs reviewed task by task so far, by the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five: the shares of their working time, from each job page's own map, weighted by how many people here do that job. It says which parts of the work change, never whether anyone keeps a job. Estimates.
Conversation, in-person and hands-on work.
Desk work within reach in tasks where a mistake costs something or a licensed person signs.
Desk work within reach that is small if wrong, with lighter checks.
What most people here would learn first
How many of them have each skill among the first two things to learn on their job's page. Every state, and the US
- The hands-on craft40,783 (66%)
- Reviewing work you did not do yourself22,927 (37%)
- Briefing a model and checking its drafts14,758 (24%)
- Running AI inside the business systems5,710 (9%)
- The conversations4,827 (8%)
- Dealing with people outside the organization2,630 (4%)
- Judgment where errors are severe1,835 (3%)
- Signing off under your license230 (under 1%)
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this industry's paid hours were within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 2%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 16%. Today's estimate: 25%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Robots and the physical work
Anthropic rates 60% of the working time of the people in this industry as physical work. For 53% of the working time, a robot has been shown doing most of the task somewhere: 45% in a purpose-built cell, 8% in a structured facility. 0.61 of 3.
- Not physical 40%
- No robot shown 7%
- In a purpose-built cell 45%
- In a structured facility 8%
Anthropic's rating, not this site's estimate: Claude Opus 5, searching the web, rated each physical O*NET task by the kind of setting in which a robot it could cite (deployed, sold or demonstrated) does most of the task, weighted by its own estimate of each task's share of the time (What work can robots do?, September 30, 2026, data CC BY 4.0; every job ranked). A robot shown somewhere is not a robot in your building: cost, setup and safety decide that. The share within reach on this page still counts no body work. Weighted by the people in each occupation; each job's page names the robot behind each rated task.
Where the hours are
Jobs by hours within reach now. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index. The 40 largest jobs hold 93% of the people.
| People | Pay here | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks | 2,300 | 53% | 2.5 million | $39K |
| Customer Service Representatives | 1,890 | 64% | 2.5 million | $45K |
| Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products | 2,540 | 46% | 2.5 million | $68K |
| First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers | 2,460 | 48% | 2.4 million | $57K |
| Graphic Designers | 1,300 | 87% | 2.3 million | $58K |
| Fashion Designers | 2,370 | 43% | 2.1 million | $79K |
| General and Operations Managers | 2,230 | 45% | 2.1 million | $96K |
| Office Clerks, General | 1,720 | 56% | 2 million | $45K |
| Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks | 970 | 88% | 1.8 million | $50K |
| Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers | 2,130 | 27% | 1.2 million | $36K |
| Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers | 1,050 | 51% | 1.1 million | $63K |
| Sewing Machine Operators | 25,280 | 2% | 1.1 million | $36K |
People: BLS counts for this industry, May 2025. Pay here: the median paid for the job in this industry, else its mean, else the national median. 65 smaller jobs (5,110 people) count in every total but are not listed. Task data covers 90% of the industry's people; the rest are in BLS "all other" groups with no task list, or in counts BLS does not publish.
The tasks with the most hours within reach by the end of 2028
Across the whole industry, on the chosen pace and reliability.
- Record quantities of materials processed.Sewing Machine Operators1.1 million hours100% of the task within reach
- Develop a group of products or accessories, and market them through venues such as boutiques or mail-order catalogs.Fashion Designers977,724 hours95% of the task within reach
- Sketch rough and detailed drawings of apparel or accessories, and write specifications such as color schemes, construction, material types, and accessory requirements.Fashion Designers734,609 hours100% of the task within reach
- Research the styles and periods of clothing needed for film or theatrical productions.Fashion Designers720,987 hours100% of the task within reach
- Prepare documents, such as work orders, bills of lading, or shipping orders, to route materials.Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks613,117 hours100% of the task within reach
- Design custom clothing and accessories for individuals, retailers, or theatrical, television, or film productions.Fashion Designers608,847 hours99% of the task within reach
- Plan and establish work schedules, assignments, and production sequences to meet production goals.First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers577,277 hours100% of the task within reach
- Monitor market conditions, product innovations, and competitors' products, prices, and sales.Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products577,190 hours100% of the task within reach
- Plan and develop new products and production processes.First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers534,491 hours70% of the task within reach
- Create designs, concepts, and sample layouts, based on knowledge of layout principles and esthetic design concepts.Graphic Designers466,088 hours100% of the task within reach
Scan a typical company in this industry
The industry's largest jobs, in the proportions BLS counts across the whole industry, at the pay it pays, run through the company scan. A starting point before you have a roster, or a benchmark for the one you have. Or choose the whole industry: every occupation BLS publishes for it with task data, at its nationwide headcount, the sector report ($249 for the full report, or included in Pro).
Inside this industry
Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
How it is built: BLS counts the people in each job in this industry; each job's tasks and their lengths give its share within reach at a date; the industry's share is those shares weighted by people. Value is pay times 1.43 for benefits and payroll costs. Seen in Claude use splits today's share by whether Anthropic saw people bring each task to Claude in 2025; other AI tools are not counted. How it works
Questions about this industry
- How much of the work in Apparel Manufacturing is within reach of AI now?
- An estimated 25% of the paid hours in Apparel Manufacturing are within reach of AI models now and 29% by the end of 2028, on METR's long-run pace at four in five (28% to 29% across the three paces the site shows). Within reach means a model could finish work that long at that reliability. It is not a forecast of jobs lost or of savings.
- Which jobs in Apparel Manufacturing carry the most hours within reach?
- By hours within reach now (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index): Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks (2,300 people, 53% of their time, about 2.5 million hours a year); Customer Service Representatives (1,890 people, 64% of their time, about 2.5 million hours a year); and Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products (2,540 people, 46% of their time, about 2.5 million hours a year).
- Which tasks in Apparel Manufacturing carry the most hours within reach by the end of 2028?
- Record quantities of materials processed (Sewing Machine Operators, about 1.1 million hours a year); Develop a group of products or accessories, and market them through venues such as boutiques or mail-order catalogs (Fashion Designers, about 977,724 hours a year); and Sketch rough and detailed drawings of apparel or accessories, and write specifications such as color schemes, construction, material types, and accessory requirements (Fashion Designers, about 734,609 hours a year).
- What would people working in Apparel Manufacturing learn first?
- Among the 61,780 people in jobs reviewed task by task, the skills most often among the first two things to learn on their job's page are the hands-on craft (40,783 people); reviewing work you did not do yourself (22,927 people); and briefing a model and checking its drafts (14,758 people). By the end of 2028 on the long-run pace at four in five, about 71% of their working time stays with people, 20% becomes checking a model's work and 9% can be handed over with lighter checks. It says which parts of the work change, never whether anyone keeps a job.
- How is this estimated?
- BLS counts the people in each occupation in Apparel Manufacturing (May 2025); each occupation's share of working time within reach comes from its O*NET tasks, each with an estimated length checked against GDPval, and METR's measurements of how long a task the best AI models can finish, carried forward to the date from the latest, Claude Mythos Preview (early) in April 2026. The industry's share is those shares weighted by people. Task data covers 90% of its people, and 77% are in occupations reviewed task by task. Data checked November 10, 2026.
Embed these figures on your site
A small card with the share of working time within reach now and at the end of 2027, 2028 and 2030, the date and a link back. Free under CC BY 4.0; the card carries the credit.