Cardiologists
Diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement), echocardiography, or electrophysiology.
17,290 people do this job in the US. $496,010 a year.
of the working time. Estimate.
- 65%
- 5%
- 30%
Anthropic's data does not cover this job.
On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.
Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 4.4 h long four times in five.
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 2%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 14%. Today's estimate: 15%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
The tasks
Sorted by . 25 tasks from .
| Task | Kind | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conduct research to develop or test medications, treatments, or procedures that prevent or control disease or injury. | 51% | 1.7 work days6.7 h to 4.2 work days | 1%Half by Nov 2027 | |
| Diagnose cardiovascular conditions, using cardiac catheterization. | 6% | 1.7 h50 min to 2.5 h | Stays with people | |
| Perform minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as implanting pacemakers and defibrillators. | 6% | 1.7 h50 min to 2.5 h | Stays with people | |
| Perform vascular procedures, such as balloon angioplasty and stents. | 5% | 1.3 h38 min to 2.5 h | Stays with people | |
| Administer emergency cardiac care for life-threatening heart problems, such as cardiac arrest and heart attack. | 3% | 50 min25 min to 2.5 h | Stays with people | |
| Supervise or train cardiology technologists or students. | 3% | 50 min25 min to 1.7 h | Stays with people | |
| Conduct exercise electrocardiogram tests to monitor cardiovascular activity under stress. | 2% | 38 min25 min to 50 min | Stays with people | |
| Design and explain treatment plans, based on patient information such as medical history, reports, and examination results. | 2% | 33 min17 min to 50 min | 100%Half by now | |
| Diagnose medical conditions of patients, using records, reports, test results, or examination information. AI observed on this task. | 2% | 33 min17 min to 50 min | 100%Half by now | |
| Advise patients and community members concerning diet, activity, hygiene, or disease prevention. | 2% | 25 min8 min to 38 min | Stays with people | |
| Conduct electrocardiogram (EKG), phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, or other cardiovascular tests to record patients' cardiac activity, using specialized electronic test equipment, recording devices, or laboratory instruments. | 2% | 25 min17 min to 50 min | Stays with people | |
| Monitor patients' conditions and progress, and reevaluate treatments, as necessary. | 2% | 25 min13 min to 38 min | 100%Half by now |
Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach.
Jobs that share skills with this one
From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
Where this job works
The industry groups that employ the most of it (BLS, May 2025).
Where the most of these jobs are
The metro areas with the most people in it (BLS, May 2025).