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Structural Iron and Steel Workers

Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings.

68,380 people do this job in the US. $62,780 a year.

now
5%

of the working time. Estimate.

Kinds of work
  • 5%
  • 0%
  • 95%
5%

Measured, from Anthropic's usage data (2025). Counts help on part of a task.

Half the desk work within reach
Already

On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.

Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030

0%25%50%75%100%2027202820292030NowDesk work: 5% of the time
Chosen to Ceiling: the share
DateNow
NowEnd of 2030

What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .

At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 4.4 h long four times in five.

How far this has come

With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 0%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 5%. Today's estimate: 5%.

0%5%10%2023202420252026GPT-4, March 2023: 0% within reachGPT-4 Turbo (Nov 2023), November 2023: 0% within reachGPT-4o, May 2024: 0% within reachClaude 3.5 Sonnet (June 2024), June 2024: 0% within reacho1-preview, September 2024: 0% within reachClaude 3.5 Sonnet (Oct 2024), October 2024: 0% within reacho1, December 2024: 0% within reachClaude 3.7 Sonnet, February 2025: 0% within reacho3, April 2025: 1% within reachGPT-5, August 2025: 2% within reachGemini 3 Pro, November 2025: 3% within reachClaude Opus 4.5, November 2025: 3% within reachGPT-5.2, December 2025: 3% within reachClaude Opus 4.6, February 2026: 3% within reachClaude Mythos Preview (early), April 2026: 5% within reachToday (estimate), September 2026: 5% within reach
Each step is a new best model measured by METR, four in five; the dashed end is today's estimate. Point at a dot for the model.

A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.

The tasks

Sorted by . 20 tasks from .

TaskKind
Fabricate metal parts, such as steel frames, columns, beams, or girders, according to blueprints or instructions from supervisors.Done hourly or more by most who do it. 28%3.3 h50 min to 6.7 hStays with people
Erect metal or precast concrete components for structures, such as buildings, bridges, dams, towers, storage tanks, fences, or highway guard rails.Done daily by most who do it. 27%3.3 h50 min to 1.3 work daysStays with people
Connect columns, beams, and girders with bolts, following blueprints and instructions from supervisors.Done daily by most who do it. 6%38 min13 min to 1.7 hStays with people
Cut, bend, or weld steel pieces, using metal shears, torches, or welding equipment.Done more than monthly by most who do it. 6%1.1 h17 min to 2.1 hStays with people
Read specifications or blueprints to determine the locations, quantities, or sizes of materials required.Done hourly or more by most who do it. AI observed on this task.5%25 min8 min to 1.3 h97%Half by now
Assemble or inspect hoisting equipment or rigging, such as cables, pulleys, or hooks, to move heavy equipment or materials.Done daily by most who do it. 3%38 min13 min to 1.7 hStays with people
Dismantle structures or equipment.Done more than monthly by most who do it. 3%3.3 h50 min to 1.3 work daysStays with people
Unload and position prefabricated steel units for hoisting, as needed.Done daily by most who do it. 3%38 min17 min to 1.7 hStays with people
Force structural steel members into final positions, using turnbuckles, crowbars, jacks, or hand tools.Done daily by most who do it. 3%25 min8 min to 1.3 hStays with people
Bolt aligned structural steel members in position for permanent riveting, bolting, or welding into place.Done daily by most who do it. 3%25 min13 min to 1.3 hStays with people
Insert sealing strips, wiring, insulating material, ladders, flanges, gauges, or valves, depending on types of structures being assembled.Done more than weekly by most who do it.3%50 min13 min to 1.7 hStays with people
Lift steel beams, girders, or columns using cranes or forklifts, or by signaling hoisting equipment operators to lift or position structural steel members.Done daily by most who do it. 2%21 min8 min to 50 minStays with people

Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach.

Jobs that share skills with this one

From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.

Where this job works

The industry groups that employ the most of it (BLS, May 2025).

Where the most of these jobs are

The metro areas with the most people in it (BLS, May 2025).