Segmental Pavers
In short: today's best AI models could do about 0% of this job's working time (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index) if the work were set up for them, and about the same by the end of 2028 if progress keeps its long-run pace. The people and hands-on work, about 100% of the time, stays with people.
Lay out, cut, and place segmental paving units. Includes installers of bedding and restraining materials for the paving units.
$49,910 a year (for the broader BLS group this job sits in).
A typical 40-hour week
Not yet reviewed task by task- AI could take on0 h
- A person checks AI's work0 h
- Desk work AI can't do yet0 h
- Stays with people40 h
Segmental Pavers, now: of a 40-hour week, AI could take on 0 hours, 0 hours become checking its work, 0 hours are desk work it can't do yet, and 40 hours stay with people.
Estimates for a typical week of this job, if progress keeps its long-run pace, counting work the best models finish four times in five. Every task is below.
of the working time. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
- 0%
- 1%
- 99%
Anthropic's data does not cover this job.
On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.
Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030
Change assumptionsHide assumptionsLong-run pace, four in five
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 2.4 work days long four times in five.
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 0%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 0%. Today's estimate: 0%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Measured use over time
None of this job's 12 tasks showed up in the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled in any of its 7 releases, from February 2025 to May 2026.
Measured, not estimated: Anthropic's samples of Claude.ai conversations, each tied by a model to an O*NET task, from the Anthropic Economic Index. It says where Claude's use goes, not how much of this job's working time it covers, so it is not on the same scale as the reach above. The releases differ in their sample, their classifier and the smallest share they report (the June 2026 file rounds each task to a hundredth of a percent, so a smaller task reads as none), which is why a change of method starts a new line. At least 96% of each older release's task-tied use matched this site's tasks, and all of the newest. Claude.ai only, so use through other tools and other companies' models is not in it. Every job ranked.
Robots and the physical work
Anthropic rates 98% of this job's working time as physical work. For 30% of the working time, a robot has been shown doing most of the task somewhere: 27% in a purpose-built cell, 2% in a structured facility. 0.32 of 3, the 378th highest of the 923 jobs.
- Not physical 2%
- No robot shown 68%
- In a purpose-built cell 27%
- In a structured facility 2%
Anthropic's rating, not this site's estimate: Claude Opus 5, searching the web, rated each physical O*NET task by the kind of setting in which a robot it could cite (deployed, sold or demonstrated) does most of the task, weighted by its own estimate of each task's share of the time (What work can robots do?, September 30, 2026, data CC BY 4.0; every job ranked). A robot shown somewhere is not a robot in your building: cost, setup and safety decide that. The share within reach on this page still counts no body work. The robot behind each rated task is under the task below.
The tasks
Sorted by . 12 tasks from .
| Task | Kind | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Set pavers, aligning and spacing them correctly.Done daily by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 23% | 6.7 h2.5 h to 2.1 work days | Stays with people | |
| Resurface an outside area with cobblestones, terracotta tiles, concrete or other materials.Done more than monthly by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Elektrische bestratingsrobot (De Krom / StreetRobotics) (deployed). Anthropic's rating. | 23% | 2.1 work days6.7 h to 1 work week | Stays with people | |
| Supply and place base materials, edge restraints, bedding sand and jointing sand.Done daily by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 12% | 4.2 h1.7 h to 1.3 work days | Stays with people | |
| Prepare base for installation by removing unstable or unsuitable materials, compacting and grading the soil, draining or stabilizing weak or saturated soils and taking measures to prevent water penetration and migration of bedding sand.Done more than weekly by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 12% | 5 h1.7 h to 1.7 work days | Stays with people | |
| Cut paving stones to size and for edges, using a splitter and a masonry saw.Done daily by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Masa Splitter 600 / Splitter 1250 (sold). Anthropic's rating. | 9% | 1.7 h50 min to 5 h | Stays with people | |
| Compact bedding sand and pavers to finish the paved area, using a plate compactor.Done daily by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 7% | 1.3 h25 min to 3.3 h | Stays with people | |
| Design paver installation layout pattern and create markings for directional references of joints and stringlines.Done daily by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, HP SitePrint (sold). Anthropic's rating. | 4% | 1.7 h38 min to 3.3 h | Stays with people | |
| Screed sand level to an even thickness, and recheck sand exposed to elements, raking and rescreeding if necessary.Done several times a day by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, voxeljet VX7000 (recoater / layering system) (sold). Anthropic's rating. | 4% | 1.3 h25 min to 3.3 h | Stays with people | |
| Sweep sand into the joints and compact pavement until the joints are full.Done more than monthly by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 2% | 1.3 h38 min to 3.3 h | Stays with people | |
| Sweep sand from the surface prior to opening to traffic.Done daily by most who do it. Robots: in a structured facility, Trombia Free autonomous sweeper (demonstrated). Anthropic's rating. | 2% | 25 min13 min to 1.3 h | Stays with people | |
| Discuss the design with the client.Done more than weekly by most who do it. | 0.8% | 50 min25 min to 1.7 h | Stays with people | |
| Cement the edges of the paved area.Done more than monthly by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Unitechnik UniControl / UniCAM automated precast plant (shuttering robots, concrete spreaders) (deployed). Anthropic's rating. | 0.7% | 1.7 h38 min to 4.2 h | Stays with people |
Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach.
Jobs that share skills with this one
From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
- Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers0% now, 0% by 2028
- Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators0% now, 0% by 2028
- Terrazzo Workers and Finishers3% now, 3% by 2028
- Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles3% now, 3% by 2028
- Tile and Stone Setters4% now, 4% by 2028
- Construction Laborers1% now, 1% by 2028
Where this job works
The industry groups that employ the most of it (BLS, May 2025). Counts are for the broader BLS group this job sits in.
Where the most of these jobs are
The metro areas with the most people in it (BLS, May 2025). Counts are for the broader BLS group this job sits in.
Questions about this job
- How much of the work of Segmental Pavers is within reach of AI now?
- An estimated 0% of the working time is within reach of AI models now and 0% by the end of 2028, on METR's long-run pace at four in five. Within reach means a model could finish work that long at that reliability. It is not a forecast of jobs lost or of savings.
- Which tasks of Segmental Pavers come within reach first?
- No task has a meaningful share of its time within reach now or by the end of 2028, on the long-run pace at four in five: the work is mostly people work and body work, which the site does not count.
- Which tasks of Segmental Pavers stay with people?
- Tasks that are people work or body work are not counted as within reach at any date. The largest: Set pavers, aligning and spacing them correctly; Resurface an outside area with cobblestones, terracotta tiles, concrete or other materials; and Supply and place base materials, edge restraints, bedding sand and jointing sand. Together such tasks are about 100% of the working time.
- Do people already use AI for the work of Segmental Pavers?
- In the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled for May 2026, no reportable share went to this job's tasks. These are measures of use, not of how much of the work AI could finish, and they cover Claude only.
- Can robots do the physical work of Segmental Pavers?
- Anthropic's robot exposure rating (September 2026) finds 98% of the working time is physical work, and that a robot has been shown doing most of the task, somewhere, for 30% of the working time, 2% in a structured facility. Its index is 0.32 of 3. One example: Trombia Free autonomous sweeper for "sweep sand from the surface prior to opening to traffic". A robot shown somewhere is not one in every workplace; this site's own estimates still count no physical work as within reach.
- How is this estimated?
- From the 12 tasks O*NET lists for the occupation, each with an estimated length checked against GDPval and a share of the working time, each classed as desk, people or body work, and METR's measurements of how long a task the best AI models can finish, carried forward to the date from the latest, Claude Mythos Preview (early) in April 2026. Data checked November 10, 2026.
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