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Actuaries

Analyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates and construct probability tables to forecast risk and liability for payment of future benefits. May ascertain insurance rates required and cash reserves necessary to ensure payment of future benefits.

26,670 people do this job in the US. $130,000 a year.

now
1%

of the working time. Estimate.

Kinds of work
  • 84%
  • 16%
  • 0%
5%

Measured, from Anthropic's usage data (2025). Counts help on part of a task.

Half the desk work within reach
April 2028

On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.

Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030

0%25%50%75%100%2027202820292030NowDesk work: 84% of the time
Chosen to Ceiling: the share
DateNow
NowEnd of 2030

What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .

At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 4.4 h long four times in five.

How far this has come

With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 0%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 1%. Today's estimate: 1%.

0%5%10%2023202420252026GPT-4, March 2023: 0% within reachGPT-4 Turbo (Nov 2023), November 2023: 0% within reachGPT-4o, May 2024: 0% within reachClaude 3.5 Sonnet (June 2024), June 2024: 0% within reacho1-preview, September 2024: 0% within reachClaude 3.5 Sonnet (Oct 2024), October 2024: 0% within reacho1, December 2024: 0% within reachClaude 3.7 Sonnet, February 2025: 0% within reacho3, April 2025: 0% within reachGPT-5, August 2025: 0% within reachGemini 3 Pro, November 2025: 0% within reachClaude Opus 4.5, November 2025: 0% within reachGPT-5.2, December 2025: 0% within reachClaude Opus 4.6, February 2026: 0% within reachClaude Mythos Preview (early), April 2026: 1% within reachToday (estimate), September 2026: 1% within reach
Each step is a new best model measured by METR, four in five; the dashed end is today's estimate. Point at a dot for the model.

A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.

The tasks

Sorted by . 15 tasks from .

TaskKind
Provide advice to clients on a contract basis, working as a consultant.Done more than monthly by most who do it. AI observed on this task.15%1 work day3.3 h to 4.2 work days5%Half by Oct 2027
Analyze data to determine premium rates required and cash reserves and liabilities necessary to ensure payment of future benefits.Done more than monthly by most who do it. 15%2.1 work days6.7 h to 4.2 work days0%Half by Jan 2028
Collaborate with programmers, underwriters, accounts, claims experts, and senior management to help companies develop plans for new lines of business or improvements to existing business.Done more than weekly by most who do it. 15%2.1 work days3.3 h to 1 work weekStays with people
Design, review, and help administer insurance, annuity and pension plans, determining financial soundness and calculating premiums.Done more than yearly by most who do it. 15%4.2 work days1.7 work days to 3.3 work weeks0%Half by Nov 2028
Provide expertise to help financial institutions manage risks and maximize returns associated with investment products or credit offerings.Done more than yearly by most who do it. 14%2.1 work days6.7 h to 1.7 work weeks1%Half by Apr 2028
Analyze statistical information to estimate mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates.Done more than yearly by most who do it. 11%2.1 work days3.3 h to 1.3 work weeks1%Half by Jul 2028
Construct probability tables for events such as fires, natural disasters, and unemployment, based on analysis of statistical data and other pertinent information.Done yearly or less by most who do it. 6%4.2 work days6.7 h to 2.5 work weeks0%Half by Jan 2029
Determine policy contract provisions for each type of insurance.Done more than yearly by most who do it. 4%1.7 work days3.3 h to 4.2 work days2%Half by Feb 2028
Determine, or help determine, company policy, and explain complex technical matters to company executives, government officials, shareholders, policyholders, or the public.Done more than yearly by most who do it. 2%6.7 h1.7 h to 3.1 work days7%Half by Nov 2027
Negotiate terms and conditions of reinsurance with other companies.Done more than yearly by most who do it. 0.5%2.1 work days5 h to 1.3 work weeksStays with people
Manage credit and help price corporate security offerings.Done yearly or less by most who do it.0.5%2.1 work days3.3 h to 1.7 work weeks1%Half by Sep 2028
Determine equitable basis for distributing surplus earnings under participating insurance and annuity contracts in mutual companies.Done more than yearly by most who do it. 0.4%2.1 work days6.7 h to 1.3 work weeks1%Half by Mar 2028

Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach.

Jobs that share skills with this one

From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.