Roof Bolters, Mining
In short: today's best AI models could do about 0% of this job's working time (projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index) if the work were set up for them, and about the same by the end of 2028 if progress keeps its long-run pace. The people and hands-on work, about 100% of the time, stays with people.
Operate machinery to install roof support bolts in underground mine.
2,160 people do this job in the US. $78,540 a year.
A typical 40-hour week
Not yet reviewed task by task- AI could take on0 h
- A person checks AI's work0 h
- Desk work AI can't do yet0 h
- Stays with people40 h
Roof Bolters, Mining, now: of a 40-hour week, AI could take on 0 hours, 0 hours become checking its work, 0 hours are desk work it can't do yet, and 40 hours stay with people.
Estimates for a typical week of this job, if progress keeps its long-run pace, counting work the best models finish four times in five. Every task is below.
of the working time. Now is projected from METR's April 2026 measurement and Epoch's November 2026 index.
- 0%
- 0%
- 100%
of the work: Anthropic's measure of what people already bring to Claude at work (2025). It counts help with part of a task, so it can be higher than the share within reach.
On the chosen pace and reliability. Estimate.
Share of the working time within reach, now to 2030
Change assumptionsHide assumptionsLong-run pace, four in five
What each choice means: , , , , . Every pace starts from .
At this date and pace, models finish tasks up to 2.4 work days long four times in five.
How far this has come
With GPT-4, measured in March 2023, 0% of this job's working time was within reach at . With Claude 3.7 Sonnet, measured in February 2025, 0%. With Claude Mythos Preview (early), measured in April 2026, 0%. Today's estimate: 0%.
A backcast: today's task data with the best model METR had measured by each date. It shows how fast the models have moved, not what anyone forecast at the time.
Measured use over time
None of this job's 14 tasks showed up in the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled in any of its 7 releases, from February 2025 to May 2026.
Measured, not estimated: Anthropic's samples of Claude.ai conversations, each tied by a model to an O*NET task, from the Anthropic Economic Index. It says where Claude's use goes, not how much of this job's working time it covers, so it is not on the same scale as the reach above. The releases differ in their sample, their classifier and the smallest share they report (the June 2026 file rounds each task to a hundredth of a percent, so a smaller task reads as none), which is why a change of method starts a new line. At least 96% of each older release's task-tied use matched this site's tasks, and all of the newest. Claude.ai only, so use through other tools and other companies' models is not in it. Every job ranked.
Robots and the physical work
Anthropic rates 100% of this job's working time as physical work. For 84% of the working time, a robot has been shown doing most of the task somewhere: 74% in a purpose-built cell, 10% in a structured facility. 0.94 of 3, the 152nd highest of the 923 jobs.
- No robot shown 16%
- In a purpose-built cell 74%
- In a structured facility 10%
Anthropic's rating, not this site's estimate: Claude Opus 5, searching the web, rated each physical O*NET task by the kind of setting in which a robot it could cite (deployed, sold or demonstrated) does most of the task, weighted by its own estimate of each task's share of the time (What work can robots do?, September 30, 2026, data CC BY 4.0; every job ranked). A robot shown somewhere is not a robot in your building: cost, setup and safety decide that. The share within reach on this page still counts no body work. The robot behind each rated task is under the task below.
The tasks
Sorted by . 14 tasks from .
| Task | Kind | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Install various types of bolts, including truss, glue, and resin bolts, traversing entire ceiling spans.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Automated bolting and meshing system for continuous miners (University of Wollongong / ACARP roadway development automation project) (demonstrated). Anthropic's rating. | 28% | 42 min25 min to 1.7 h | Stays with people | |
| Perform ventilation tasks, such as hanging ventilation curtains and tubes.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 11% | 21 min8 min to 50 min | Stays with people | |
| Drill test holes and test bolts for specified tension, using torque wrenches.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Robot guided bolt tensioning tool (self-adaptive assembly system) (ZeMA / Saarland University with industry partners) (demonstrated). Anthropic's rating. | 9% | 17 min8 min to 33 min | Stays with people | |
| Dust rocks after bolting.Done several times a day by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Strata Automatic Stone Dust Storage and Dispersal System (20-tonne POD + trickle dusters) (deployed). Anthropic's rating. | 8% | 17 min8 min to 25 min | Stays with people | |
| Pull down loose rock that cannot be supported.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 7% | 13 min4 min to 25 min | Stays with people | |
| Perform safety checks on equipment before operating.Done daily by most who do it. Robots: no robot shown. Anthropic's rating. | 5% | 13 min8 min to 17 min | Stays with people | |
| Position bolting machines, and insert drill bits into chucks.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, University of Kentucky robotic roof bolter (ABB IRB 1600 arm on a roof bolter with plate feeder, bolt feeder, wrench) (demonstrated). Anthropic's rating. | 5% | 8 min4 min to 17 min | Stays with people | |
| Drill bolt holes into roofs at specified distances from ribs or adjacent bolts.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Epiroc Boomer face drilling rigs with Rig Control System / Advanced Boom Control (ABC Regular, ABC Total) (sold). Anthropic's rating. | 5% | 8 min4 min to 17 min | Stays with people | |
| Position safety jacks to support underground mine roofs until bolts can be installed.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a structured facility, Automated longwall powered roof supports with electrohydraulic/programmable face automation (Eickhoff Mining Technology / HBT GmbH) (deployed). Anthropic's rating. | 5% | 13 min4 min to 25 min | Stays with people | |
| Force bolts into holes, using hydraulic mechanisms of self-propelled bolting machines.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Joy Smart Bolter on 12CM miner bolter (Komatsu) (sold). Anthropic's rating. | 4% | 7 min3 min to 13 min | Stays with people | |
| Tighten ends of anchored truss bolts, using turnbuckles.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a purpose-built cell, Atlas Copco Fixtured Nutrunner QST / fixtured assembly solutions (sold). Anthropic's rating. | 4% | 13 min4 min to 25 min | Stays with people | |
| Perform tests to determine if methane gas is present.Done hourly or more by most who do it. Robots: in a structured facility, ExRobotics ExR-2 (Emissions Detector configuration) (deployed). Anthropic's rating. | 3% | 4 min3 min to 8 min | Stays with people |
Within reach, per task: the share of the task's time whose instances are short enough for a model to finish at the chosen date, pace and reliability. Half by: the date half of that time comes within reach.
Jobs that share skills with this one
From O*NET's related occupations. Within reach now and by the end of 2028, long-run pace, four in five.
- Continuous Mining Machine Operators0% now, 0% by 2028
- Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas14% now, 14% by 2028
- Structural Iron and Steel Workers3% now, 3% by 2028
- Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers4% now, 4% by 2028
- Riggers7% now, 7% by 2028
- Hoist and Winch Operators0% now, 0% by 2028
Where this job works
The industry groups that employ the most of it (BLS, May 2025).
Where the most of these jobs are
The metro areas with the most people in it (BLS, May 2025).
Questions about this job
- How much of the work of Roof Bolters, Mining is within reach of AI now?
- An estimated 0% of the working time is within reach of AI models now and 0% by the end of 2028, on METR's long-run pace at four in five. Within reach means a model could finish work that long at that reliability. It is not a forecast of jobs lost or of savings.
- Which tasks of Roof Bolters, Mining come within reach first?
- No task has a meaningful share of its time within reach now or by the end of 2028, on the long-run pace at four in five: the work is mostly people work and body work, which the site does not count.
- Which tasks of Roof Bolters, Mining stay with people?
- Tasks that are people work or body work are not counted as within reach at any date. The largest: Install various types of bolts, including truss, glue, and resin bolts, traversing entire ceiling spans; Perform ventilation tasks, such as hanging ventilation curtains and tubes; and Drill test holes and test bolts for specified tension, using torque wrenches. Together such tasks are about 100% of the working time.
- Do people already use AI for the work of Roof Bolters, Mining?
- In the Claude.ai conversations Anthropic sampled for May 2026, no reportable share went to this job's tasks. Anthropic's labor market measure puts the share of the job's tasks seen in real Claude use at work at 0%. These are measures of use, not of how much of the work AI could finish, and they cover Claude only.
- Can robots do the physical work of Roof Bolters, Mining?
- Anthropic's robot exposure rating (September 2026) finds 100% of the working time is physical work, and that a robot has been shown doing most of the task, somewhere, for 84% of the working time, 10% in a structured facility. Its index is 0.94 of 3. One example: Automated longwall powered roof supports with electrohydraulic/programmable face automation for "position safety jacks to support underground mine roofs until bolts can be installed". A robot shown somewhere is not one in every workplace; this site's own estimates still count no physical work as within reach.
- How is this estimated?
- From the 14 tasks O*NET lists for the occupation, each with an estimated length checked against GDPval and a share of the working time, each classed as desk, people or body work, and METR's measurements of how long a task the best AI models can finish, carried forward to the date from the latest, Claude Mythos Preview (early) in April 2026. Data checked November 10, 2026.
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